May 22nd, 2010
It is interesting that a conquered nation over a long period of time adopts certain qualities of the conqueror's habits in social structure and religion.
Christianity entered Egypt in the first century and spread during the second century to the region around Carthage and north-western Africa. The Berbers of north-western Africa, who were under Roman sovereigny, accepted Christianity. From that region and Egypt came Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, St, Cyprian, Chrysostom, who helped formulate the Nicean Creed, and Augustine of Hippo. Christianity spread to Ethiopia, and Nubia, which is modern Sudan, and expanded during the third century. When during the sixth century the Nubian kingdoms emerged they were Christian. The Roman Empire adopted Chritianity as its main religion during the fourth century and its eastern branch, the Byzantine Empire, was Christian. With the Byzantine Empire most of the Middle East was Christian.
The Islamic invasion of the Middle East and Africa in the seventh century spread to Persia which is moderm Iran, to Armenia, Anatolia and southern Europe. During the Ottoman Empire Macedonia and Albania were Islamicized. People accepted Islam in the conquered countries partly due to the taxation levied upon them. The Middle East and north-western Africa were joined to the house of Islam, though Christians remained in the minority. The Christians of Lebanon lived in the mountains and preserved their religion.
The Anglo-Saxon and Jutish invasions of England began in the latter part of the fifth century. The invaders established themselves as masters of the realm and England became Anglo-Saxon while the Jutes mastered Kent. The Engles were maily in the north of the country and the Saxons in the south. This became the pattern of things despite the wars ensuing between the ruling factions. Instead of remaining in their pagan religion worshipping gods like Thor and Woden they were approached by Celtic missionaries who practised Christianity. St. Augustine, not of Hippo, was sent to England by pope Gregory and he was inluential in the conversion of Kent. The Anglo-Saxons, through the preaching and lives of Columba, Aidan, Wilfrid, Chad, Cuthbert and others, were converted to Christianity. This happened to kings like Edwin, Oswald, Oswin and Oswiu and to thanes and to the common people alike, so that after two hundred years England was a country where Christianity was upheld and revered. Thus instead of England remaining a pagan land it became Christian. The pagan conquerors were conquered by the religion that prevailed in the land before the conquest.
Salim Khalil Haddad. Celtic Saints and the English Church. Published by Janus Publishing Company, 105-107 Gloucester Place London W1U 6BY, England in 2009. ISBN 978-1-85756-775-5.
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February 4th, 2010
Biography books are gaining lots of popularity among the people these days. These books act as a source of inspiration for the readers.
Books are considered as the best friends of humans. Books inform us about the latest happenings taking place throughout the world. Nowadays, to entertain and inform the users, large number of books have been written by renowned authors on a variety of subjects like comedy, architecture, finance, law, music,horror, nature, Drama, science, poetry and many more. Reading offers entertainment and fun. This fun increases if the book you are reading is about some great people whom you consider your idols and inspirations. Nowadays, biography books are gaining lots of popularity among the people. Term biography is made up of two words bios meaning “life”, and graphos meaning “write”. It is actually an account of a person's life which is published in the form of a book , essay. In some cases, it can also be published in the form of a film. A deep research is required for writing a good quality Biography book.
A biography mainly focuses on the subject's story highlighting the various aspects of a person's life along with the details of experiences. The biography books cover the entire life of a person. The biographical works are usually non-fiction, but one can also use fiction in order to portray life of a person. Some of the famous biography books are Queen Elizabeth the Queen mother, Darwin's Origin of species, Coco Chanel, Plato's Republic, Barack Obama etc. All these books are written by famous authors and are highly popular among the people. The biography books enable us to learn a variety of things. The readers can learn a lot by reading about the lives of famous people including the hardships they have gone through in their lives for getting success. Nowadays, some of the biography books come with pictures. The pictures results in better understanding of the story and are more powerful than the text. The pictures contribute in making the stories attractive as well as interesting.
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